Space Shuttle Columbia
Space Shuttle Columbia (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space Shuttle in NASA‘s orbital fleet. First launched on the STS-1 mission, the first of the Space Shuttle program, it completed 27 missions before being destroyed during re-entry on February 1, 2003 near the end of its 28th, STS-107. All seven crew members were killed. Following an independent investigation into the cause of the accident, NASA decided to retire the Shuttle orbiter fleet in 2010 in favor of the Constellation program and its manned Orion spacecraft. However, President Obama signed the NASA Authorization Act 2010 on October 11 which officially brought the Constellation program to an end.
Columbia OV-102 |
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Space Shuttle Columbia rolls towards Launch Pad 39A, atop the Mobile Launcher Platform, carried by a crawler-transporter (underneath), prior to launching on STS-107. Columbia disintegrated on re-entry at the end of this mission |
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OV designation | OV-102 |
Country | United States |
Contract award | July 26, 1972 |
Named after | Columbia (1773) (renamed Columbia Rediviva, 1787) |
Status | Destroyed February 1, 2003 |
First flight | STS-1 April 12, 1981 – April 14, 1981 |
Last flight | STS-107 January 16, 2003 – February 1, 2003 |
Number of missions | 28 |
Crews | 160 |
Time spent in space | 300 days 17:40:22[1] |
Number of orbits | 4,808 |
Distance travelled | 201,497,772 km (125,204,911 miles) |
Satellites deployed |
Flights
Space Shuttle Columbia flew 28 flights, spent 300.74 days in space, completed 4,808 orbits, and flew 125,204,911 miles (201,497,772 km) in total, including its final mission.
Columbia was the only shuttle to have been spaceworthy during the Shuttle-Mir and International Space Station programs and yet to have never visited either Mir or ISS. In contrast, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour have all visited both stations at least once, as Columbia was not suited for high-inclination missions. Challenger was destroyed before the Shuttle-Mir Program began, and Enterprise never flew in space.
# | Date | Designation | Launch pad | Landing location | Notes |
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1 | 1981, April 12 | STS-1 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | First shuttle mission. Launch witnessed by the band Rush; inspired the song “Countdown” on their 1982 album Signals. |
2 | 1981, November 12 | STS-2 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | First re-use of manned space vehicle |
3 | 1982, March 22 | STS-3 | 39-A | White Sands Space Harbor | First mission with an unpainted External tank. Only time that a space shuttle has landed at the White Sands Space Harbor. This launch was dedicated by Ronald Reagan to “the people of Afghanistan“. |
4 | 1982, June 27 | STS-4 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | Last shuttle R&D flight |
5 | 1982, November 11 | STS-5 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | First four-person crew, first deployment of commercial satellite. |
6 | 1983 November 28 | STS-9 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | First six-person crew, first Spacelab. |
7 | 1986, January 12 | STS-61-C | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | Representative Bill Nelson (D–FL) on board/ final successful shuttle flight before Challenger disaster |
8 | 1989, August 8 | STS-28 | 39-B | Edwards Air Force Base | Launched KH-11 reconnaissance satellite |
9 | 1990, January 9 | STS-32 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | Retrieved Long Duration Exposure Facility |
10 | 1990, December 2 | STS-35 | 39-B | Edwards Air Force Base | Carried multiple X-ray & UV telescopes |
11 | 1991, June 5 | STS-40 | 39-B | Edwards Air Force Base | 5th Spacelab – Life Sciences-1 |
12 | 1992, June 25 | STS-50 | 39-A | Kennedy Space Center | U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1 (USML-1) |
13 | 1992, October 22 | STS-52 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | Deployed Laser Geodynamic Satellite II |
14 | 1993, April 26 | STS-55 | 39-A | Edwards Air Force Base | German Spacelab D-2 Microgravity Research |
15 | 1993, October 18 | STS-58 | 39-B | Edwards Air Force Base | Spacelab Life Sciences |
16 | 1994, March 4 | STS-62 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | United States Microgravity Payload-2 (USMP-2) |
17 | 1994, July 8 | STS-65 | 39-A | Kennedy Space Center | International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) |
18 | 1995, October 20 | STS-73 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) |
19 | 1996, February 22 | STS-75 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | Tethered Satellite System Reflight (TSS-1R) |
20 | 1996, June 20 | STS-78 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS) |
21 | 1996, November 19 | STS-80 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | 3rd flight of Wake Shield Facility (WSF)/ longest Shuttle flight |
22 | 1997, April 4 | STS-83 | 39-A | Kennedy Space Center | Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL)- cut short |
23 | 1997, July 1 | STS-94 | 39-A | Kennedy Space Center | Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL)- reflight |
24 | 1997, November 19 | STS-87 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-4) |
25 | 1998, April 13 | STS-90 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | Neurolab – Spacelab |
26 | 1999, July 23 | STS-93 | 39-B | Kennedy Space Center | Deployed Chandra X-ray Observatory |
27 | 2002, March 1 | STS-109 | 39-A | Kennedy Space Center | Hubble Space Telescope service mission (HSM-3B) |
28 | 2003, January 16 | STS-107 | 39-A | Did not land (Planned to land at Kennedy Space Center) | A multi-disciplinary microgravity and Earth science research mission. Shuttle destroyed during re-entry on February 1, 2003 and all seven astronauts on board died. |
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